How DNS resolution works?
DNS resolution is the process of translating a human-readable domain name (like www.google.com) into an IP address that computers use to identify each other on the network. Here are the steps involved in DNS resolution:
URL Request Sent: When you enter a URL in your browser, the request is sent to DNS server (or) more fancy term a DNS query is initiated to find the IP address associated with the domain name.
Root DNS Servers: Then it is sent to one of the root DNS servers (only 13 root servers in total). These servers know the locations of all the top-level domain (TLD) servers (like .com, .org).
TLD DNS Servers: The root server directs the query to the appropriate TLD server. For example, if you're looking for www.google.com, the query is sent to the .com TLD server and .com IP returned to DNS server.
Authoritative DNS Server: The TLD server then directs the query to the authoritative DNS server for the specific domain (Eg: GoDaddy). This server holds the actual DNS records for the domain, including the IP address.
IP Address Retrieval: The authoritative server responds with the IP address of the domain, which is then sent back to the DNS server.
Response to Client: Finally, the IP address is sent back to your device, allowing your browser to establish a connection with the web server hosting the website.
This process happens in milliseconds, enabling users to access websites quickly and efficiently.
Note: DNS server uses UDP protocol on port number 53
See DNS resolution in action
Go to terminal and type dig www.google.com and enter
you can check how DNS resolution works.
Root name servers DNS
In the following link Root Name Servers, shows the list of root name servers which is 13 in total
Here is the link to the map showing it, explore it.